/*
* Complex.js:
* This file defines a Complex class to represent complex numbers.
* Recall that a complex number is the sum of a real number and an
* imaginary number, and that the imaginary number i is the
* square-root of -1.
*/
* The first step in defining a class is defining the constructor
* function of the class. This constructor should initialize any
* instance properties of the object. These are the essential
* "state variables" that make each instance of the class different.
*/
function Complex(real, imaginary) {
this.x = real; // The real part of the number
this.y = imaginary; // The imaginary part of the number
}
/*
* The second step in defining a class is defining its instance
* methods (and possibly other properties) in the prototype object
* of the constructor. Any properties defined in this object will
* be inherited by all instances of the class. Note that instance
* methods operate implicitly on the "this" keyword. For many methods
* no other arguments are needed.
*/
// Return the magnitude of a complex number. This is defined
// as its distance from the origin (0,0) of the complex plane.
Complex.prototype.magnitude = function() {
return Math.sqrt(this.x*this.x + this.y*this.y);
};
// Return a complex number that is the negative of this one.
Complex.prototype.negative = function() {
return new Complex(-this.x, -this.y);
};
// Convert a Complex object to a string in a useful way.
// This is invoked when a Complex object is used as a string.
Complex.prototype.toString = function() {
return "{" + this.x + "," + this.y + "}";
};
// Return the real portion of a complex number. This function
// is invoked when a Complex object is treated as a primitive value.
Complex.prototype.valueOf = function() { return this.x; }
/*
* The third step in defining a class is to define class methods,
* constants, and any needed class variables as properties of the
* constructor function itself (instead of as properties of the
* prototype object of the constructor). Note that static methods
* do not use the "this" keyword: they operate only on their arguments.
*/
// Add two complex numbers and return the result.
Complex.add = function (a, b) {
return new Complex(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
};
// Subtract one complex number from another.
Complex.subtract = function (a, b) {
return new Complex(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
};
// Multiply two complex numbers and return the product.
Complex.multiply = function(a, b) {
return new Complex(a.x * b.x - a.y * b.y,
a.x * b.y + a.y * b.x);
};
// Here are some useful predefined complex numbers.
// They are defined as Class variables, where they can be used as
// "constants." (Note, though that they are not actually read-only.)
Complex.zero = new Complex(0,0);
Complex.one = new Complex(1,0);
Complex.i = new Complex(0,1);
